Boswell’s Life of Johnson: 147

Edited by Dan Leo, LL.D., Associate Professor of 18th Century Melancholia Issues; author of Bozzie and Dr. Sam: The Case of the Unapologetic Urchin, the Olney Community College Press.

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The Reverend Dr. Hugh Blair, who had long been admired as a preacher at Edinburgh, thought now of diffusing his excellent sermons more extensively, and encreasing his reputation, by publishing a collection of them. He transmitted the manuscript to Mr. Strahan, the printer, who after keeping it for some time, wrote a letter to him, discouraging the publication. Such at first was the unpropitious state of one of the most successful theological books that has ever appeared.  Mr. Strahan, however, had sent one of the sermons to Dr. Johnson for his opinion; and after his unfavourable letter to Dr. Blair had been sent off, he received from Johnson on Christmas-eve, a note in which was the following paragraph: 'I have read over Dr. Blair's first sermon with more than approbation; to say it is good, is to say too little.' I believe Mr. Strahan had very soon after this time a conversation with Dr. Johnson concerning them; and then he very candidly wrote again to Dr. Blair, enclosing Johnson's note, and agreeing to purchase the volume, for which he and Mr. Cadell gave one hundred pounds.  The sale was so rapid and extensive, and the approbation of the publick so high, that to their honour be it recorded, the proprietors made Dr. Blair a present first of one sum, and afterwards of another, of fifty pounds, thus voluntarily doubling the stipulated price; and when he prepared another volume, they gave him at once three hundred pounds, being in all five hundred pounds; and now for a third octavo volume he has received no less than six hundred pounds. 1777: ÆTAT. 68.— In 1777, it appears from his Prayers and Meditations, that Johnson suffered much from a state of mind 'unsettled and perplexed,' and from that constitutional gloom, which, together with his extreme humility and anxiety with regard to his religious state, made him contemplate himself through too dark and unfavourable a medium. It may be said of him, that he 'saw GOD in clouds.' Certain we may be of his injustice to himself in the following lamentable paragraph, which it is painful to think came from the contrite heart of this great man, to whose labours the world is so much indebted: 'When I survey my past life, I discover nothing but a barren waste of time, with some disorders of body, and disturbances of the mind, very near to madness, which I hope He that made me will suffer to extenuate many faults, and excuse many deficiencies.' But we find his devotions in this year eminently fervent; and we are comforted by observing intervals of quiet, composure, and gladness. On Easter-day we find the following emphatick prayer: 'Almighty and most merciful Father, who seest all our miseries, and knowest all our necessities, look down upon me, and pity me. Defend me from the violent incursion of evil thoughts, and enable me to form and keep such resolutions as may conduce to the discharge of the duties which thy providence shall appoint me; and so help me, by thy Holy Spirit, that my heart may surely there be fixed, where true joys are to be found, and that I may serve thee with pure affection and a cheerful mind. Have mercy upon me, O GOD, have mercy upon me; years and infirmities oppress me, terrour and anxiety beset me. Have mercy upon me, my Creator and my Judge. In all dangers protect me. In all perplexities relieve and free me; and so help me by thy Holy Spirit, that I may now so commemorate the death of thy Son our Saviour JESUS CHRIST, as that when this short and painful life shall have an end, I may, for his sake, be received to everlasting happiness. Amen.' While he was at church, the agreeable impressions upon his mind are thus commemorated:  'I was for some time distressed, but at last obtained, I hope from the GOD of Peace, more quiet than I have enjoyed for a long time. I had made no resolution, but as my heart grew lighter, my hopes revived, and my courage increased.' 'MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON.  'Edinburgh, Feb. 14, 1777.  'My Dear Sir, 'My state of epistolary accounts with you at present is extraordinary. The balance, as to number, is on your side. I am indebted to you for two letters. 'My heart was warmed with gratitude by the truely kind contents of both of them; and it is amazing and vexing that I have allowed so much time to elapse without writing to you. But delay is inherent in me, by nature or by bad habit. I waited till I should have an opportunity of paying you my compliments on a new year. I have procrastinated till the year is no longer new. 'I ever am, my dear Sir, 'Your most faithful, 'And affectionate humble servant, 'JAMES BOSWELL.' 'To JAMES BOSWELL, Esq. 'DEAR SIR,  'It is so long since I heard any thing from you, that I am not easy about it; write something to me next post. When you sent your last letter, every thing seemed to be mending; I hope nothing has lately grown worse. I suppose young Alexander continues to thrive, and Veronica is now very pretty company. I do not suppose the lady is yet reconciled to me, yet let her know that I love her very well, and value her very much. 'Dr. Blair is printing some sermons. If they are all like the first, which I have read, they are excellently written both as to doctrine and language. 'I have been so distressed by difficulty of breathing, that I lost, as was computed, six-and-thirty ounces of blood in a few days. I am better, but not well.  'Mrs. Williams sends her compliments, and promises that when you come hither, she will accommodate you as well as ever she can in the old room. 'My dear Boswell, do not neglect to write to me; for your kindness is one of the pleasures of my life, which I should be sorry to lose. 'I am, Sir, 'Your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'February 18, 1777.' 'To DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON.  'Edinburgh, Feb. 24, 1777.  'DEAR SIR,  'Your letter dated the 18th instant, I had the pleasure to receive last post. Although my late long neglect, or rather delay, was truely culpable, I am tempted not to regret it, since it has produced me so valuable a proof of your regard. I did, indeed, during that inexcusable silence, sometimes divert the reproaches of my own mind, by fancying that I should hear again from you, inquiring with some anxiety about me, because, for aught you knew, I might have been ill. 'You are pleased to shew me, that my kindness is of some consequence to you. My heart is elated at the thought. Be assured, my dear Sir, that my affection and reverence for you are exalted and steady. I do not believe that a more perfect attachment ever existed in the history of mankind. And it is a noble attachment; for the attractions are Genius, Learning, and Piety.  'Your difficulty of breathing alarms me, and brings into my imagination an event, which although in the natural course of things, I must expect at some period, I cannot view with composure.   'My wife is much honoured by what you say of her. She begs you may accept of her best compliments. She is to send you some marmalade of oranges of her own making. 'I ever am, my dear Sir,  'Your most obliged  'And faithful humble servant,  'JAMES BOSWELL.' 'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'DEAR SIR, 'I have been much pleased with your late letter, and am glad that my old enemy Mrs. Boswell, begins to feel some remorse. As to Miss Veronica's Scotch, I think it cannot be helped. An English maid you might easily have; but she would still imitate the greater number, as they would be likewise those whom she must most respect. Her dialect will not be gross. Her Mamma has not much Scotch, and you have yourself very little. I hope she knows my name, and does not call me Johnston. 'It is proposed to augment our club from twenty to thirty, of which I am glad; for as we have several in it whom I do not much like to consort with. 'I am, dear Sir,  'Most affectionately your's,  'SAM. JOHNSON.'  'March 11, 1777.'  'My respects to Madam, to Veronica, to Alexander, to Euphemia, to David.' 'MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON.  'Edinburgh, April 4, 1777. [After informing him of the death of my little son David, and that I could not come to London this spring:—]  'I think it hard that I should be a whole year without seeing you. May I presume to petition for a meeting with you in the autumn? You have, I believe, seen all the cathedrals in England, except that of Carlisle. If you are to be with Dr. Taylor, at Ashbourne, it would not be a great journey to come thither. We may pass a few most agreeable days there by ourselves, and I will accompany you a good part of the way to the southward again. Pray think of this.' (classix comix™ is underwritten by a generous grant from the Bob’s Bowery Bar Endowment for the Unremunerative Arts: “I should like to recommend a personal favorite on Bob’s Bowery Bar’s new menu of ‘Winter Warmers’: ‘Bob’s Mom’s’ Mulled Cider – a soothing yet bracing concoction of homemade organic apple cider, Early Times™ bourbon, Bob’s own proprietary applejack, cinnamon and rock candy, simmered in a huge vat with eight varieties of preserved fruits and served piping hot in antique pewter tankards – you won’t care if the landlord cuts off your heat after drinking a few of these babies!” – Horace P. Sternwall, host of the Bob’s Bowery Bar/Philip Morris Commander Demotic Theatre Showcase, broadcast live Mondays at 8pm (EST). This week’s play: “The Secret Love of Rosa Luxemburg”, by Helena Piersall Sinclair, starring Hyacinth Wilde, Angus Strongbow, and Jerry Colonna, with very special guest Miss Kitty Carlisle as “The Chanteuse”.) part 148

Boswell’s Life of Johnson: 146

Edited by Dan Leo, LL.D., Associate Professor of 18th Century British Men’s Issues; author of Bozzie and Dr. Sam: The Case of the Dismounted Count, the Olney Community College Press.

Artwork personally supervised by rhoda penmarq (pencils, inks, etchings, and Crayolas™  by eddie el greco; lettering by roy dismas) a penmarq™/sternwall™ co-production.

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As the evidence of what I have mentioned at the beginning of this year, I select from his private register the following passage: 'July 25, 1776. O GOD, who hast ordained that whatever is to be desired should be sought by labour, and who, by thy blessing, bringest honest labour to good effect, look with mercy upon my studies and endeavours. Grant me, O LORD, to design only what is lawful and right; and afford me calmness of mind, and steadiness of purpose, that I may so do thy will in this short life, as to obtain happiness in the world to come, for the sake of JESUS CHRIST our Lord. Amen.' It appears from a note subjoined, that this was composed when he 'purposed to apply vigorously to study, particularly of the Greek and Italian tongues.' Such a purpose, so expressed, at the age of sixty-seven, is admirable and encouraging; and it must impress all the thinking part of my readers with a consolatory confidence in habitual devotion, when they see a man of such enlarged intellectual powers as Johnson, thus in the genuine earnestness of secrecy, imploring the aid of that Supreme Being, 'from whom cometh down every good and every perfect gift.' 'TO SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. 'SIR, 'A young man, whose name is Paterson, offers himself this evening to the Academy. He is the son of a man for whom I have long had a kindness, and who is now abroad in distress. I shall be glad that you will be pleased to shew him any little countenance, or pay him any small distinction. How much it is in your power to favour or to forward a young man I do not know; nor do I know how much this candidate deserves favour by his personal merit, or what hopes his proficiency may now give of future eminence. I recommend him as the son of my friend. Your character and station enable you to give a young man great encouragement by very easy means. You have heard of a man who asked no other favour of Sir Robert Walpole, than that he would bow to him at his levee. 'I am, Sir, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Aug. 3, 1776.' 'MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON. 'Edinburgh, August 30, 1776. 'For the honour of Count Manucci, as well as to observe that exactness of truth which you have taught me, I must correct what I said in a former letter. He did not fall from his horse, which might have been an imputation on his skill as an officer of cavalry; his horse fell with him.’ 'TO MR. ROBERT LEVETT. DEAR SIR, 'Having spent about six weeks at this place, we have at length resolved upon returning. I expect to see you all in Fleet-street on the 30th of this month. 'I did not go into the sea till last Friday, but think to go most of this week, though I know not that it does me any good. My nights are very restless and tiresome, but I am otherwise well. 'I have written word of my coming to Mrs. Williams. Remember me kindly to Francis and Betsy. I am, Sir, 'Your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' ' Brighthelmstone, Oct. 21, 1776' I again wrote to Dr. Johnson on the 21st of October, informing him, that my father had, in the most liberal manner, paid a large debt for me, and that I had now the happiness of being upon very good terms with him; to which he returned the following answer. 'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'DEAR SIR, 'I had great pleasure in hearing that you are at last on good terms with your father. Cultivate his kindness by all honest and manly means. Life is but short; no time can be afforded but for the indulgence of real sorrow, or contests upon questions seriously momentous. Let us not throw away any of our days upon useless resentment, or contend who shall hold out longest in stubborn malignity. It is best not to be angry; and best, in the next place, to be quickly reconciled. May you and your father pass the remainder of your time in reciprocal benevolence! * * * * * 'Do you ever hear from Mr. Langton? I visit him sometimes, but he does not talk. I do not like his scheme of life; but as I am not permitted to understand it, I cannot set any thing right that is wrong. His children are sweet babies. 'I hope my irreconcileable enemy, Mrs. Boswell, is well. Desire her not to transmit her malevolence to the young people. Let me have Alexander, and Veronica, and Euphemia, for my friends. 'Mrs. Williams, whom you may reckon as one of your well-wishers, is in a feeble and languishing state, with little hope of growing better. She went for some part of the autumn into the country, but is little benefited; and Dr. Lawrence confesses that his art is at an end. Death is, however, at a distance; and what more than that can we say of ourselves? I am sorry for her pain, and more sorry for her decay. Mr. Levett is sound, wind and limb. 'I was some weeks this autumn at Brighthelmstone. The place was very dull, and I was not well; the expedition to the Hebrides was the most pleasant journey that I ever made. Such an effort annually would give the world a little diversification. 'Every year, however, we cannot wander, and must therefore endeavour to spend our time at home as well as we can. I believe it is best to throw life into a method, that every hour may bring its employment, and every employment have its hour. Xenophon observes, in his Treatise of Oeconomy, that if every thing be kept in a certain place, when any thing is worn out or consumed, the vacuity which it leaves will shew what is wanting; so if every part of time has its duty, the hour will call into remembrance its proper engagement. 'I have not practised all this prudence myself, but I have suffered much for want of it; and I would have you, by timely recollection and steady resolution, escape from those evils which have lain heavy upon me. I am, my dearest Boswell, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Bolt-court, Nov. 16, 1776.' On the 16th of November I informed him that Mr. Strahan had sent me twelve copies of the Journey to the Western Islands, handsomely bound; requested to know how they should be distributed: and mentioned that I had another son born to me, who was named David, and was a sickly infant. 'To JAMES BOSWELL, ESQ. 'DEAR SIR, 'I have been for some time ill of a cold, which, perhaps, I made an excuse to myself for not writing, when in reality I knew not what to say. 'The books you must at last distribute as you think best, in my name, or your own, as you are inclined, or as you judge most proper. Every body cannot be obliged; but I wish that nobody may be offended. Do the best you can. 'I congratulate you on the increase of your family, and hope that little David is by this time well, and his mamma perfectly recovered. I am much pleased to hear of the re-establishment of kindness between you and your father. Cultivate his paternal tenderness as much as you can. To live at variance at all is uncomfortable; and variance with a father is still more uncomfortable. Besides that, in the whole dispute you have the wrong side; at least you gave the first provocations, and some of them very offensive. Let it now be all over. As you have no reason to think that your new mother has shewn you any foul play, treat her with respect, and with some degree of confidence; this will secure your father. When once a discordant family has felt the pleasure of peace, they will not willingly lose it. If Mrs. Boswell would but be friends with me, we might now shut the temple of Janus. {In ancient Rome the doors of the Temple of Janus were kept closed in times of peace. – Editor} 'Mrs. Williams has been much out of order; and though she is something better, is likely, in her physician's opinion, to endure her malady for life, though she may, perhaps, die of some other. Mrs. Thrale is big, and fancies that she carries a boy; if it were very reasonable to wish much about it, I should wish her not to be disappointed. The desire of male heirs is not appendant only to feudal tenures. A son is almost necessary to the continuance of Thrale's fortune; for what can misses do with a brewhouse? Lands are fitter for daughters than trades.  'Baretti went away from Thrale's in some whimsical fit of disgust, or ill-nature, without taking any leave. It is well if he finds in any other place as good an habitation, and as many conveniencies. He has got five-and-twenty guineas by translating Sir Joshua's Discourses into Italian, and Mr. Thrale gave him an hundred in the spring; so that he is yet in no difficulties. 'Your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'Dec. 21, 1776.' (classix comix™ is brought to you by Bob’s Bowery Bar, conveniently located at the northwest corner of Bleecker and the Bowery: “Do you ever find yourself filled with an awful sense of existential dread at the state of the nation? Well, don’t despair, drop in at Bob’s Bowery Bar and chase away the glooms with Bob’s post-election happy-hour special, ‘The Happy Jack’ – a delightful concoction of Bob’s Mom’s homemade applejack, cask-aged Royal Navy rum, key lime, cloves, cinnamon, crystalized ginger, and blackstrap molasses, served piping hot in a pint tankard – only .99¢ between the hours of 4pm and 6pm, Monday through Friday! (Sorry, no more than four per customer.)” – Horace P. Sternwall, host of Bob’s Bowery Bar Presents Philip Morris Commander’s Soup Kitchen Tales, broadcast live Mondays at 8pm (EST). This week’s presentation: “The Brave Little Paper Boy”, by Artemis Boldwater, starring Hyacinth Wilde as “Timmy O’Leary”, Angus Strongbow as “Father Jim”, Jack Carson as “Officer Tom”, and Miss Kitty Carlisle as “Major Babs”.) part 147

Boswell’s Life of Johnson: 145

Edited by Dan Leo, LL.D., Assistant Professor of Illustrated Literature Studies; author of Bozzie and Dr. Sam: The Missing Cask of Sack, the Olney Community College Press.

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I talked a good deal to him of the celebrated Margaret Caroline Rudd {a notorious forger – Editor}, whom I had visited, induced by the fame of her talents, address, and irresistible power of fascination. To a lady who disapproved of my visiting her, he said on a former occasion, 'Nay, Madam, Boswell is in the right; I should have visited her myself, were it not that they have now a trick of putting every thing into the news-papers.' This evening he exclaimed, 'I envy him his acquaintance with Mrs. Rudd.' I mentioned a scheme which I had of making a tour to the Isle of Man, and giving a full account of it; and that Mr. Burke had playfully suggested as a motto, 'The proper study of mankind is MAN.' JOHNSON. 'Sir, you will get more by the book than the jaunt will cost you; so you will have your diversion for nothing, and add to your reputation.' On the evening of the next day I took leave of him, being to set out for Scotland. I thanked him with great warmth for all his kindness. 'Sir, (said he,) you are very welcome. Nobody repays it with more.' How very false is the notion which has gone round the world of the rough, and passionate, and harsh manners of this great and good man. That he had occasional sallies of heat of temper, and that he was sometimes, perhaps, too 'easily provoked' by absurdity and folly, and sometimes too desirous of triumph in colloquial contest, must be allowed. The quickness both of his perception and sensibility disposed him to sudden explosions of satire; to which his extraordinary readiness of wit was a strong and almost irresistible incitement. To adopt one of the finest images in Mr. Home's Douglas, 'On each glance of thought Decision followed, as the thunderbolt Pursues the flash!' I admit that the beadle within him was often so eager to apply the lash, that the Judge had not time to consider the case with sufficient deliberation. That he was occasionally remarkable for violence of temper may be granted: but let us ascertain the degree, and not let it be supposed that he was in a perpetual rage, and never without a club in his hand, to knock down every one who approached him. On the contrary, the truth is, that by much the greatest part of his time he was civil, obliging, nay, polite in the true sense of the word; so much so, that many gentlemen, who were long acquainted with him, never received, or even heard a strong expression from him. 'DR. JOHNSON TO MRS. BOSWELL. 'MADAM,   'You must not think me uncivil in omitting to answer the letter with which you favoured me some time ago. I imagined it to have been written without Mr. Boswell's knowledge, and therefore supposed the answer to require, what I could not find, a private conveyance. 'The difference with Lord Auchinleck is now over; and since young Alexander has appeared, I hope no more difficulties will arise among you; for I sincerely wish You will now have Mr. Boswell home; it is well that you have him; he has led a wild life. I have taken him to Lichfield, and he has followed Mr. Thrale to Bath. Pray take care of him, and tame him. The only thing in which I have the honour to agree with you is, in loving him; and while we are so much of a mind in a matter of so much importance, our other quarrels will, I hope, produce no great bitterness. I am, Madam, 'Your most humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'May 16, 1776.' 'MR. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON. 'Edinburgh, June 25, 1776. 'You have formerly complained that my letters were too long. There is no danger of that complaint being made at present; for I find it difficult for me to write to you at all. [Here an account of having been afflicted with a return of melancholy or bad spirits.] 'The boxes of books which you sent to me are arrived; but I have not yet examined the contents. 'DR. JOHNSON TO MR. BOSWELL. 'Dear Sir, 'These black fits, of which you complain, perhaps hurt your memory as well as your imagination. When did I complain that your letters were too long? Your last letter, after a very long delay, brought very bad news. [Here a series of reflections upon melancholy, and — what I could not help thinking strangely unreasonable in him who had suffered so much from it himself,— a good deal of severity and reproof, as if it were owing to my own fault, or that I was, perhaps, affecting it from a desire of distinction.] 'Read Cheyne's English Malady; but do not let him teach you a foolish notion that melancholy is a proof of acuteness. 'To hear that you have not opened your boxes of books is very offensive. The examination and arrangement of so many volumes might have afforded you an amusement very seasonable at present, and useful for the whole of life. I am, I confess, very angry that you manage yourself so ill. 'I do not now say any more, than that I am, with great kindness, and sincerity, dear Sir, 'Your humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'July 2, 1776.' 'DR. JOHNSON TO MR. BOSWELL. 'DEAR SIR, 'I make haste to write again, lest my last letter should give you too much pain. If you are really oppressed with overpowering and involuntary melancholy, you are to be pitied rather than reproached.  * * * * * 'Now, my dear Bozzy, let us have done with quarrels and with censure. Let me know whether I have not sent you a pretty library. There are, perhaps, many books among them which you never need read through; but there are none which it is not proper for you to know, and sometimes to consult. 'Of these books, of which the use is only occasional, it is often sufficient to know the contents, that, when any question arises, you may know where to look for information. 'Langton's lady has brought him a girl, and both are well; I dined with him the other day. 'It vexes me to tell you, that on the evening of the 29th of May I was seized by the gout, and am not quite well. The pain has not been violent, but the weakness and tenderness were very troublesome, and what is said to be very uncommon, it has not alleviated my other disorders. Make use of youth and health while you have them; make my compliments to Mrs. Boswell. I am, my dear Sir, 'Your most affectionate 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'July 6, 1776.' 'Mr. BOSWELL TO DR. JOHNSON. 'Edinburgh, July 18, 1776. 'MY DEAR SIR, 'Your letter of the second of this month was rather a harsh medicine; but I was delighted with that spontaneous tenderness, which, a few days afterwards, sent forth such balsam as your next brought me. I found myself for some time so ill that all I could do was to preserve a decent appearance, while all within was weakness and distress. 'Like a reduced garrison that has some spirit left, I hung out flags, and planted all the force I could muster, upon the walls. I am now much better, and I sincerely thank you for your kind attention and friendly counsel. 'Count Manucci came here last week from travelling in Ireland. I have shewn him what civilities I could on his own account, on yours, and on that of Mr. and Mrs. Thrale. He has had a fall from his horse, and been much hurt. I regret this unlucky accident, for he seems to be a very amiable man.' (classix comix™ is made possible in part through a continuing grant from the Bob’s Bowery Bar Fund for the Uremunerative Arts: “Yes – brr! – there is a nip of chill in the air, so why not toddle over to Bob’s Bowery Bar, conveniently located at the northwest corner of Bleecker and the Bowery, and warm up with a big bowl of ‘Bob’s Mom’s’ Mulligan Stew, a delightful mélange of free-range oxtail, trotters, fatback, potatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, carrots and rutabaga, slow-simmered in an enormous cast-iron pot for a minimum of twenty-four hours and served with your choice of Uneeda biscuits or Ritz crackers – a ‘steal’ at only .99¢ a bowl, and it goes swell with a tall schooner of Bob’s world-famous basement-brewed house bock!” – Horace P. Sternwall, host of The Bob’s Bowery Bar/Philip Morris Commander Demotic Theatre Showcase, broadcast live Mondays at 8pm (EST). This week’s play: “Love Song of the Slums”, by Artemis Boldwater, starring Hyacinth Wilde, Angus Strongbow, and Arnold Stang, guest starring Miss Kitty Carlisle as “Mrs. Morgenstern”.) part 146